In 2020, the European Union (EU) adopted the Collective Redress Directive[1] as a part of the New Deal for Consumers package. Strong consumer protection rules increase total consumer shopping, which boosts trade and market development. Therefore, the EU has taken a step further and established collective protection of consumers’ rights through representative actions. The Directive […]
Last year, we collected information on fines issued under the GDPR and the number of reported personal data breaches. We collected data for two time periods: May 2018 to November 2022, and January 2022 to November 2022. The GDPR enables data protection authorities to apply fines of up to 4% of the total worldwide turnover […]
